{"name":"Naval Brass","grades":{"C46400":{"code":"C46400","standard":"UNS","family":"CuZn39Sn1","description":"This UNS wrought naval brass combines roughly 59-62% copper with about 0.5-1.0% tin in a two-phase alpha-beta zinc matrix, a composition specifically balanced to resist seawater dezincification. Rated to 415 MPa minimum tensile strength in smaller bar sections under ASTM B21 temper HO2, it hot-forges readily but work-hardens less predictably than single-phase brasses when cold formed. Its combination of strength and corrosion resistance makes it a standard choice for marine fasteners and structural forgings.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59,"max":62},{"element":"Pb","max":0.2},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.5},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"ASTM B21","temper":"HO2","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"25","hardness":"60–80 HRB"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"25","hardness":"55–80 HRB"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"75","utsMin":"370","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"25","hardness":"55–80 HRB"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"25","hardness":"60–80 HRB"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"25","hardness":"55–80 HRB"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"70","utsMin":"370","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"25","hardness":"55–80 HRB"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"25","hardness":"60–80 HRB"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"25","hardness":"55–80 HRB"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"60","utsMin":"370","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"25","hardness":"55–80 HRB"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"180","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"25","hardness":"60–80 HRB"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"25","hardness":"55–80 HRB"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.41 g/cm³ (0.304 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.41","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Excellent","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Good","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Fair","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Good","Seam Weld":"Fair","Butt Weld":"Good","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Fair","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Excellent","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"30"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"C47000":{"code":"C47000","standard":"UNS","family":"CuZn39Sn1","description":"C47000 is a 57-61% copper naval brass with 0.25-1.0% tin, chemically close to C46400 but supplied without a fixed ASTM mechanical property table - strength and hardness are instead agreed directly between purchaser and supplier for the specific product form. Its metric density of 8.9 g/cm³ and fabrication behaviour otherwise track the wider naval brass family. It serves the same general fastener, industrial and marine hardware roles as other 60:40-type tin brasses.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":57,"max":61},{"element":"Pb","max":0.5},{"element":"Sn","min":0.25,"max":1},{"element":"Al","max":0.001},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.4},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"physical":{"Density":"8.9 g/cm³"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Excellent","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Good","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Fair","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Good","Seam Weld":"Fair","Butt Weld":"Good","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Fair","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Excellent","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"30"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"partial"},"C46750":{"code":"C46750","standard":"UNS","family":"CuZn39Sn1","description":"C46750 raises the tin content to 1.0-1.8% and adds small controlled amounts of nickel, antimony and phosphorus to the base naval brass chemistry, improving strength, hardness and wear resistance beyond the standard C464xx grades. Under ASTM B21 temper H50 it delivers a 315 MPa minimum tensile strength with elongation rising from 5% to 15% as bar size increases. The alloy is specified where naval brass needs extra wear resistance, such as propeller and pump shafts, bushings and heavy marine hardware.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59.2,"max":62.5},{"element":"Sn","min":1,"max":1.8},{"element":"Pb","min":0,"max":0.25},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true},{"element":"Fe","min":0,"max":0.1},{"element":"Ni","min":0,"max":0.5},{"element":"Sb","min":0.05,"max":0.15},{"element":"P","min":0.05,"max":0.15}],"mechanical":{"standard":"ASTM B21 C46750","temper":"H50","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"140","elongMin":"5"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"13","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"140","elongMin":"10"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"140","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"140","elongMin":"5"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"13","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"140","elongMin":"10"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"140","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"140","elongMin":"5"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"13","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"140","elongMin":"10"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"140","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"12","widthFrom":"12","widthTo":"25","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"140","elongMin":"5"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"13","sizeTo":"25","widthFrom":"25","widthTo":"50","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"140","elongMin":"10"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","widthFrom":"50","widthTo":"75","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"140","elongMin":"15"}]},"physical":{"Melting Range":"841–889 °C (1546–1632 °F)","Density":"8.48 g/cm³ (0.31 lb/in³)","Electrical Conductivity":"~22% IACS","Thermal Conductivity":"103.2 W/(m·K) (59.6 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"18.0 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–100 °C (10 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–212 °F)"},"fabrication":{"Hot Working":"Excellent","Cold Working":"Moderate","Machinability":"Good","Soldering and Brazing":"Good","Welding":"Fair"},"uses":["Propeller shafts and pump shafts","Bushings and bearings","Valves, fasteners, and fittings","Marine hardware","Architectural fittings & heavy-duty hardware"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"C46500":{"code":"C46500","standard":"UNS","family":"CuZn38Sn1As","description":"C46500 refines the 60:40 tin-brass base by adding 0.02-0.10% arsenic, a small addition that inhibits dezincification more effectively than tin alone. Supplied to SAE 463 temper 1/4 with tensile strengths from 270 to 415 MPa depending on section, it combines high electrical/thermal conductivity with good creep resistance and weldability. These traits suit it to architectural trim, plumbing fittings, fasteners and general marine hardware.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59,"max":62},{"element":"Pb","max":0.2},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"As","min":0.02,"max":0.1},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"SAE 463","temper":"1/4","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"1.5","sizeTo":"12.5","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"12.5","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"75","utsMin":"270","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12.5","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12.5","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"70","utsMin":"270","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12.5","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12.5","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"75","utsMin":"270","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12.5","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"12.5","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"25"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.41","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Excellent","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Good","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Fair","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Good","Seam Weld":"Fair","Butt Weld":"Good","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Fair","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Excellent","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"30"},"uses":["Architecture","Fasteners","Industrial","Marine","Plumbing"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"C47940":{"code":"C47940","standard":"UNS","family":"CuZn35NiFe1Sn1Pb2","description":"C47940 is the most heavily alloyed grade in this family, combining 63-66% copper with 1.0-2.0% lead and 1.2-2.0% tin, plus up to 1.0% iron, to meet ASTM B21/AMS 4611. The added lead and iron trade some elongation for higher proof stress - up to 210 MPa minimum - while preserving the naval brass family's high thermal and electrical conductivity. It is used where a leaded, creep-resistant naval brass with low volatility under vacuum is required.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":63,"max":66},{"element":"Pb","min":1,"max":2},{"element":"Sn","min":1.2,"max":2},{"element":"Fe","min":0.1,"max":1},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.4},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"ASTM B21","temper":"HO2","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"1.5","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"210","elongMin":"18"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"390","proofMin":"210","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"375","proofMin":"175","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"75","utsMin":"345","proofMin":"175","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"210","elongMin":"18"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"390","proofMin":"210","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"375","proofMin":"175","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"70","utsMin":"345","proofMin":"175","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"210","elongMin":"18"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"390","proofMin":"210","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"375","proofMin":"175","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"60","utsMin":"345","proofMin":"175","elongMin":"25"}]},"physical":{"Density":"8.2 g/cm³"},"sourceStatus":"partial"},"C48500":{"code":"C48500","standard":"UNS","family":"CuZn37Sn1Pb","description":"C48500 adds 1.3-2.2% lead to the base naval brass chemistry specifically to improve machinability for screw-machine parts and valve stems, while keeping tensile strength above 370 MPa across all standard bar sizes under ASTM B21 temper HO2. The lead addition comes at the cost of weldability - arc, spot and seam welding are not recommended - though hot forging, pressing and machining all perform well. It is a common choice wherever naval brass hardware must be machined economically.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59,"max":62},{"element":"Pb","min":1.3,"max":2.2},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.4},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"ASTM B21","temper":"HO2","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"1.5","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"12"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"12","hardness":"65–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"20","hardness":"60–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"75","utsMin":"370","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"20","hardness":"60–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"12"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"12","hardness":"65–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"20","hardness":"60–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"70","utsMin":"370","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"20","hardness":"60–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"12"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"12","hardness":"65–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"20","hardness":"60–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"70","utsMin":"370","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"20","hardness":"60–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"12"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"12","hardness":"65–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"20","hardness":"60–85 HRB"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.44 g/cm³ (0.305 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.44","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Good","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Not Recommended","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Not Recommended","Seam Weld":"Not Recommended","Butt Weld":"Fair","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Poor","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Good","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"70"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"C48200":{"code":"C48200","standard":"UNS","family":"CuZn37Sn1Pb","description":"C48200 is a leaded naval brass similar to C48500 but with a narrower 0.4-1.0% lead band, giving it slightly better ductility while retaining good hot forging, pressing and machining behaviour. ASTM B21 temper HO2 bar is rated from 370 to 415 MPa minimum tensile strength depending on section, with elongation of 18-20%. As with other leaded naval brasses, arc and resistance welding processes are not recommended, but soldering and brazing perform well.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59,"max":62},{"element":"Pb","min":0.4,"max":1},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.4},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"ASTM B21","temper":"HO2","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"1.5","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"18"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"18","hardness":"65–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"20","hardness":"60–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"75","utsMin":"370","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"20","hardness":"60–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"18"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"18","hardness":"65–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"20","hardness":"60–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"70","utsMin":"370","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"20","hardness":"60–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"18"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"18","hardness":"65–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"20","hardness":"60–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"60","utsMin":"370","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"20","hardness":"60–85 HRB"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"18"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"415","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"18","hardness":"65–85 HRB"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.44 g/cm³ (0.305 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.44","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Good","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Not Recommended","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Not Recommended","Seam Weld":"Not Recommended","Butt Weld":"Fair","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Poor","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Good","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"50"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"C46200":{"code":"C46200","standard":"UNS","family":"CuZn39Sn1","description":"C46200 raises the copper content to 62-65%, the highest in this naval brass family, which helps it retain mechanical properties at cryogenic as well as marine service temperatures. ASTM B21 temper HO2 bar carries tensile strength from 360 to 400 MPa as section size grows from 3 mm to 75 mm, alongside excellent hot formability. It is typically selected for marine and subsea hardware where both strength retention and corrosion resistance matter across a wide temperature range.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":62,"max":65},{"element":"Pb","max":0.2},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.4},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"ASTM B21","temper":"HO2","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"385","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"370","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"75","utsMin":"360","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"27"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"385","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"370","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"65","utsMin":"360","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"27"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"22"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"385","proofMin":"185","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"370","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"50","sizeTo":"60","utsMin":"360","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"27"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"370","proofMin":"180","elongMin":"25"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.41 g/cm³ (0.304 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.41","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Fair","Capacity for Being Hot Worked":"Excellent","Machinability Rating":"30%","Forgeability Rating":"90%","Silver Alloy Brazing":"Excellent","Soft Soldering":"Excellent","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Good"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"C48640":{"code":"C48640","standard":"UNS","family":"CuZn37Sn1Pb","description":"C48640 is a phosphorus- and nickel-bearing leaded naval brass, with lead raised to 1.0-3.0% for machinability and up to 0.30% nickel and 0.25% phosphorus added for grain refinement. Under ASTM B21 temper HO2 it carries a 315 MPa minimum tensile strength across round, hex, square and rectangular bar, with elongation improving from 5% to 15% as section size increases. Good hot and cold workability make it suitable for shafts, bushings, valve components and other marine hardware.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59,"max":62},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":2},{"element":"Pb","min":1,"max":3},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true},{"element":"Fe","min":0,"max":0.4},{"element":"Ni","min":0,"max":0.3},{"element":"P","min":0.05,"max":0.25}],"mechanical":{"standard":"ASTM B21 C48640","temper":"HO2","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"124","elongMin":"5"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"124","elongMin":"10"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"124","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"124","elongMin":"5"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"124","elongMin":"10"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"124","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"124","elongMin":"5"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"124","elongMin":"10"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"124","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"12","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"124","elongMin":"5"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"12","sizeTo":"25","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"124","elongMin":"10"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"25","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"315","proofMin":"124","elongMin":"15"}]},"physical":{"Melting Range":"866–893 °C (1591–1639 °F)","Density":"8.4 g/cm³ (0.303 lb/in³)","Electrical Conductivity":"~22.4% IACS","Thermal Conductivity":"102.6 W/(m·K) (59.3 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.4 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.9 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"110.3 GPa (16000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"41.4 GPa (6000 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Hot Working":"Excellent","Cold Working":"Excellent","Machinability":"Good","Soldering and Brazing":"Good","Welding":"Fair"},"uses":["Propeller shafts and pump shafts","Bushings and bearings","Valves, fasteners, and fittings","Marine hardware","Architectural fittings & heavy-duty hardware"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"C48600":{"code":"C48600","standard":"UNS","family":"CuZn37Sn1Pb1As","description":"C48600 combines naval brass's 59-62% copper base with both lead (1.0-2.5%) for machinability and arsenic (0.02-0.25%) for dezincification resistance. Unlike most grades in this family it is not tied to a fixed ASTM tensile specification - mechanical requirements are set by agreement between manufacturer and purchaser - while its melting range, conductivity and modulus of elasticity remain in line with the other leaded naval brasses. It is used for hot-forged and machined hardware such as valve stems and screw-machine parts.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59,"max":62},{"element":"Pb","min":1,"max":2.5},{"element":"Sn","min":0.3,"max":1.5},{"element":"As","min":0.02,"max":0.25},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.4},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"896 °C (1645 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"891 °C (1635 °F)","Density":"8.41 g/cm³ (0.304 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.42","Electrical Conductivity":"25% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"23.4 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (13 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"100.7 GPa (14600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Good","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Not Recommended","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Not Recommended","Seam Weld":"Not Recommended","Butt Weld":"Fair","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Poor","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Good","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"70"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"partial"},"CW719R":{"code":"CW719R","standard":"EN","family":"CuZn39Sn1","description":"CW719R is the EN designation for the same 59-61% copper, ~1% tin naval brass alloyed against dezincification as UNS C46400. Forged bar to EN 12165 temper H080 is specified purely by hardness (80-150 HRB) rather than a tensile table, reflecting its typical supply condition as hot-forged stock. It is used for structural marine forgings and fasteners exposed to seawater, sharing the wider family's excellent hot workability.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59,"max":61},{"element":"Pb","max":0.2},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"Ni","max":0.2},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.5},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"EN 12165","temper":"H080","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"75","hardness":"80–150 HRB"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"70","hardness":"80–150 HRB"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"60","hardness":"80–150 HRB"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"50","hardness":"80–150 HRB"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.41 g/cm³ (0.304 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.41","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Excellent","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Good","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Fair","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Good","Seam Weld":"Fair","Butt Weld":"Good","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Fair","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Excellent","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"30"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"CW717R":{"code":"CW717R","standard":"EN","family":"CuZn38Sn1As","description":"CW717R is the EN equivalent of the arsenical naval brass UNS C46500, combining tin and a small arsenic addition to resist dezincification while keeping high electrical and thermal conductivity. The page references EN 1653 temper R320 but does not publish a metric tensile table for this product form, so strength values must be confirmed separately. Its physical properties otherwise match the wider 60:40 tin-brass family, and it is used across architectural, plumbing, fastener and marine applications.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59,"max":62},{"element":"Pb","max":0.2},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"Ni","max":0.2},{"element":"As","min":0.02,"max":0.06},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.2},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.41 g/cm³ (0.304 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.41","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Excellent","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Good","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Fair","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Good","Seam Weld":"Fair","Butt Weld":"Good","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Fair","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Excellent","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"30"},"uses":["Architecture","Fasteners","Industrial","Marine","Plumbing"],"sourceStatus":"partial"},"CW712R":{"code":"CW712R","standard":"EN","family":"CuZn37Sn1Pb","description":"CW712R is the EN forging grade matching the leaded naval brass chemistry of UNS C48500/C48200, with 1.0-1.5% tin and 0.2-0.6% lead. EN 12165 temper H080 bar is specified by hardness (80-140 HRB) rather than tensile strength, consistent with its intended use as hot-forged hardware. It machines and hot-forms well, making it a common choice for valve stems and screw-machine components.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":61,"max":63},{"element":"Pb","min":0.2,"max":0.6},{"element":"Sn","min":1,"max":1.5},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"Ni","max":0.2},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.2},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"EN 12165","temper":"H080","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"75","hardness":"80–140 HRB"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"65","hardness":"80–140 HRB"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"8","sizeTo":"60","hardness":"80–140 HRB"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.44 g/cm³ (0.305 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.44","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Good","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Not Recommended","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Not Recommended","Seam Weld":"Not Recommended","Butt Weld":"Fair","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Poor","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Good","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"50"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"CW714R":{"code":"CW714R","standard":"EN","family":"CuZn37Sn1Pb","description":"CW714R is a leaded naval brass (0.4-1.0% Pb, 0.5-1.0% Sn) rolled or drawn to EN 14164 temper HO2, where it guarantees 410 N/mm² minimum tensile strength with 18% elongation and 125 HV minimum hardness across round, hex, square and rectangular sections. Like other leaded grades in the family it favours soldering and brazing over arc welding. It is used for machined hardware, valve stems and marine fasteners.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59,"max":61},{"element":"Pb","min":0.4,"max":1},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"Ni","max":0.3},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.2},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"EN 14164","temper":"HO2","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"2","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"410","proofMin":"250","elongMin":"18","hardness":"125 HV min"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"40","utsMin":"410","proofMin":"250","elongMin":"18","hardness":"125 HV min"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"40","utsMin":"410","proofMin":"250","elongMin":"18","hardness":"125 HV min"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"410","proofMin":"250","elongMin":"18","hardness":"125 HV min"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.44 g/cm³ (0.305 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.44","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Good","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Not Recommended","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Not Recommended","Seam Weld":"Not Recommended","Butt Weld":"Fair","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Poor","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Good","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"70"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"CW711R":{"code":"CW711R","standard":"EN","family":"CuZn36Sn1Pb2","description":"CW711R carries less copper and tin than CW712R but more lead (1.3-2.2%), a shift that favours machinability while keeping a similar hot-forming and corrosion-resistance profile. EN 12164 temper R410 guarantees a 410 N/mm² minimum tensile strength with 18% elongation, though proof stress and hardness are not fixed on the datasheet. It serves the same machine hardware, valve stem and screw-machine applications as its lower-lead counterpart.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59.5,"max":61.5},{"element":"Pb","min":1.3,"max":2.2},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Ni","max":0.3},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.2},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"EN 12164","temper":"R410","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"2","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"410","elongMin":"18"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"410","elongMin":"18"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"410","elongMin":"18"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"410","elongMin":"18"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.44 g/cm³ (0.305 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.44","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Good","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Not Recommended","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Not Recommended","Seam Weld":"Not Recommended","Butt Weld":"Fair","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Poor","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Good","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"70"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"CZ112":{"code":"CZ112","standard":"BS","family":"CuZn38Sn1","description":"CZ112 is the BS 2874 naval brass, holding 61-63.5% copper and 1.0-1.4% tin without a specified lead maximum on this datasheet. Supplied to temper M, it steps down from 400 N/mm² tensile strength at 6-18 mm section to 350 N/mm² at 18-40 mm, with elongation rising from 15% to 20% over the same range. Like other members of the family it retains useful strength at cryogenic temperatures and is used across general marine and subsea hardware.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":61,"max":63.5},{"element":"Pb"},{"element":"Sn","min":1,"max":1.4},{"element":"Fe"},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.7},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"BS 2874","temper":"M","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"6","sizeTo":"18","utsMin":"400","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"18","sizeTo":"40","utsMin":"350","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"6","sizeTo":"18","utsMin":"400","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"18","sizeTo":"40","utsMin":"350","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"6","sizeTo":"18","utsMin":"400","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"18","sizeTo":"40","utsMin":"350","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"6","sizeTo":"18","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"18","sizeTo":"40","elongMin":"20"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.41 g/cm³ (0.304 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.41","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Fair","Capacity for Being Hot Worked":"Excellent","Machinability Rating":"30%","Forgeability Rating":"90%","Silver Alloy Brazing":"Excellent","Soft Soldering":"Excellent","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Good"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"CZ133":{"code":"CZ133","standard":"BS","family":"CuZn37Sn1Pb","description":"CZ133 adds up to 0.20% lead to the BS 2874 naval brass base of 59-62% copper and 0.5-1.0% tin, improving machinability while keeping a 400/350 N/mm² tensile strength band and 170/150 N/mm² proof stress across the 6-40 mm size range at temper M. It shares the wider naval brass family's excellent hot workability and good brazing/soldering response. Typical uses include fasteners, industrial components and marine hardware.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59,"max":62},{"element":"Pb","max":0.2},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.4},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"BS 2874","temper":"M","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"6","sizeTo":"18","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"18","sizeTo":"40","utsMin":"350","proofMin":"150","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"6","sizeTo":"18","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"18","sizeTo":"40","utsMin":"350","proofMin":"150","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"6","sizeTo":"18","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"18","sizeTo":"40","utsMin":"350","proofMin":"150","elongMin":"25"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"6","sizeTo":"18","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"18","sizeTo":"40","utsMin":"350","proofMin":"150","elongMin":"25"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.41 g/cm³ (0.304 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.41","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Fair","Capacity for Being Hot Worked":"Excellent","Machinability Rating":"30%","Forgeability Rating":"90%","Silver Alloy Brazing":"Excellent","Soft Soldering":"Excellent","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Good"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"CZ134":{"code":"CZ134","standard":"BS","family":"CuZn37Sn1Pb2","description":"CZ134 carries more lead (1.3-2.2%) than CZ133 for improved free-machining performance, while keeping the same BS 2874 temper M tensile band of 400/350 N/mm² across the 6-40 mm size range. Proof stress runs 170/150 N/mm² with elongation of 15-20%, and as with other leaded naval brasses, resistance and arc welding are not recommended in favour of soldering or brazing. It is aimed at machine hardware, valve stems and screw-machine products.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59,"max":62},{"element":"Pb","min":1.3,"max":2.2},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.2},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"BS 287","temper":"M","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"6","sizeTo":"18","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"18","sizeTo":"40","utsMin":"350","proofMin":"150","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"6","sizeTo":"18","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"18","sizeTo":"40","utsMin":"350","proofMin":"150","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"6","sizeTo":"18","utsMin":"400","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"18","sizeTo":"40","utsMin":"350","proofMin":"150","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"6","sizeTo":"18","proofMin":"170","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"18","sizeTo":"40","proofMin":"150","elongMin":"20"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.44 g/cm³ (0.305 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.44","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Good","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Not Recommended","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Not Recommended","Seam Weld":"Not Recommended","Butt Weld":"Fair","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Poor","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Good","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"70"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"C4641":{"code":"C4641","standard":"JIS","family":"CuZn39Sn1","description":"C4641 is the JIS counterpart of the 60:40 tin-brass naval brass family, alloyed with 59-62% copper and 0.5-1.0% tin for dezincification resistance. Supplied to JIS C4641 H250 temper BD, round, hex and square bar carry a 375 MPa minimum tensile strength with 10% elongation. It hot-forges readily and is used for structural marine forgings exposed to seawater.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59,"max":62},{"element":"Pb","max":0.5},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Fe","max":0.2},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"JIS C4641 H250","temper":"BD","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"1.5","sizeTo":"75","utsMin":"375","elongMin":"10"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"70","utsMin":"375","elongMin":"10"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"60","utsMin":"375","elongMin":"10"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"50","elongMin":"10"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.41 g/cm³ (0.304 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.41","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Excellent","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Good","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Fair","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Good","Seam Weld":"Fair","Butt Weld":"Good","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Fair","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Excellent","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"30"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"C4622":{"code":"C4622","standard":"JIS","family":"CuZn37Sn1Pb2","description":"C4622 raises copper to 61-64% and lowers tin to 0.7-1.5% relative to C4641, with lead capped at 0.30%. Rolled to BS 287 temper M, it delivers a 365 MPa minimum tensile strength with 20% elongation across round, hex and square bar. It is used for machine hardware, screw-machine products and valve stems where good conductivity and creep resistance are also required.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":61,"max":64},{"element":"Pb","max":0.3},{"element":"Sn","min":0.7,"max":1.5},{"element":"Fe","max":0.2},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"BS 287","temper":"M","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"1.5","sizeTo":"75","utsMin":"365","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"70","utsMin":"365","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"60","utsMin":"365","elongMin":"20"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"50","elongMin":"20"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.44 g/cm³ (0.305 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.44","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Good","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Not Recommended","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Not Recommended","Seam Weld":"Not Recommended","Butt Weld":"Fair","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Poor","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Good","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"50"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"291 Gr I":{"code":"291 Gr I","standard":"IS","family":"CuZn37Sn1Pb","sourceStatus":"unavailable"},"291 Gr II":{"code":"291 Gr II","standard":"IS","family":"CuZn37Sn1Pb2","description":"IS 291 Grade II is the Indian Standard leaded naval brass, with 59-62% copper, 0.5-1.0% tin and 0.5-1.0% lead for a balance of corrosion resistance and machinability. Temper HB bar delivers a 390 MPa minimum tensile strength with 15% elongation across round, hex, square and rectangular sections. It is specified for fasteners, industrial hardware and marine components.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":59,"max":62},{"element":"Pb","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Sn","min":0.5,"max":1},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.2},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"IS 291","temper":"HB","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"1.5","sizeTo":"75","utsMin":"390","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"65","utsMin":"390","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"60","utsMin":"390","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Rectangle (Thickness)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"50","elongMin":"15"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.44 g/cm³ (0.305 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.44","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Soldering":"Excellent","Brazing":"Good","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Not Recommended","Gas Shielded Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Coated Metal Arc Welding":"Not Recommended","Spot Weld":"Not Recommended","Seam Weld":"Not Recommended","Butt Weld":"Fair","Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Poor","Capacity for Being Hot Formed":"Good","Forgeability Rating":"90","Machinability Rating":"70"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"},"6912 FNB":{"code":"6912 FNB","standard":"IS","family":"CuZn37Sn1","description":"IS 6912 FNB is a naval brass with 61-64% copper and 1.0-1.5% tin, giving good property retention at both marine and cryogenic service temperatures. Temper HB bar meets a 340 MPa minimum tensile strength with 15% elongation across round, hex, square and rectangular sections. It is used for fasteners, industrial components and marine hardware in the same manner as the other IS-standard naval brasses in this family.","chemicalComposition":[{"element":"Cu","min":61,"max":64},{"element":"Pb","max":0.2},{"element":"Sn","min":1,"max":1.5},{"element":"Fe","max":0.1},{"element":"Total Others","max":0.5},{"element":"Zn","remainder":true}],"mechanical":{"standard":"IS 6912","temper":"HB","rows":[{"shape":"Round (Dia)","sizeFrom":"1.5","sizeTo":"75","utsMin":"340","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Hex (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"70","utsMin":"340","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Square (A/F)","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"60","utsMin":"340","elongMin":"15"},{"shape":"Rectangle","sizeFrom":"3","sizeTo":"50","utsMin":"340","elongMin":"15"}]},"physical":{"Melting Point (Liquidus)":"899 °C (1650 °F)","Melting Point (Solidus)":"888 °C (1630 °F)","Density":"8.41 g/cm³ (0.304 lb/in³) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Specific Gravity":"8.41","Electrical Conductivity":"26% IACS at 20 °C (68 °F)","Thermal Conductivity":"116.0 W/(m·K) (67 Btu/sq ft/ft/hr/°F) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Coefficient of Thermal Expansion":"21.2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, 20–300 °C (11.8 × 10⁻⁶ per °F, 68–572 °F)","Specific Heat Capacity":"0.377 J/(g·°C) (0.09 Btu/(lb·°F)) at 20 °C (68 °F)","Modulus of Elasticity in Tension":"103.4 GPa (15000 ksi)","Modulus of Rigidity":"38.6 GPa (5600 ksi)"},"fabrication":{"Capacity for Being Cold Worked":"Fair","Capacity for Being Hot Worked":"Excellent","Machinability Rating":"30%","Forgeability Rating":"90%","Silver Alloy Brazing":"Excellent","Soft Soldering":"Excellent","Oxyacetylene Welding":"Good"},"uses":["Fasteners","Industrial","Marine"],"sourceStatus":"fetched"}}}